Cholesterol Drugs May Help Prevent Flu Deaths

(HealthDay News) -- Statins, frequently used to cut cholesterol levels, may also help prevent death from severe flu, a new study suggests.

According to the researchers, a growing body of evidence suggests that statins -- which include medicines such as Lipitor, Crestor and Zocor -- can reduce death from severe infections. Whether they help with flu, however, has been more uncertain.

"Statins may have a role in reducing mortality from influenza, but our findings do not justify broader use of statins without confirming these findings in the setting of randomized controlled trials," said study author Dr. Ann R. Thomas, from the Emerging Infections Program at the Oregon Department of Human Services Public Health Division in Portland.

"Statins may have a benefit, in conjunction with vaccine and antivirals, in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with influenza, likely due to their effect of reducing the body's inflammatory response to influenza infection," she added.

The results of the study are to be presented Friday at the Infectious Diseases Society of America annual meeting in Philadelphia.

For the study, Thomas' team looked at the outcomes of hospitalized influenza patients over two flu seasons.

The researchers found that patients who were taking statins were more likely to be older, male, white or Asian with underlying health conditions such as cardiovascular disease. In addition, they were more likely to have had a flu shot.

While those with cardiovascular disease were more likely to die, those who received statins while in the hospital were less likely to die.

Whether statins are also effective in preventing deaths from the H1N1 swine flu is not known, Thomas said. "Our data are from the 2007-2008 influenza season, well before novel H1N1 emerged, so no one knows for sure if statins would reduce mortality from H1N1," she said.

"However, since the likely mechanism of statins in reducing mortality is their general effect of down-regulating the immune system, it is plausible that statins might be useful in treating influenza infections due to novel H1N1," she noted.

Infectious diseases expert Dr. Marc Siegel, an associate professor of medicine at New York University School of Medicine in New York City, said that the study "is of limited value."

Siegel believes it's statins' ability to prevent death from heart disease and not any benefit against flu that results in fewer deaths among those taking these drugs.

"Influenza increases your risk of dying from heart disease. At the same time, statins reduce your risk of dying from heart disease. So, it's not surprising to find that there are fewer deaths among those taking statins," Siegel said.

"You can't conclude from this study that people with influenza should take statins," he said. "Statins are protective in a situation where the heart is at risk, even influenza -- that, I'll buy."

SOURCES: Ann R. Thomas, M.D., M.P.H., Emerging Infections Program, Oregon Department of Human Services Public Health Division, Portland; Marc Siegel, M.D., associate professor, medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, and author, Swine Flu: The New Pandemic; Oct. 29, 2009, presentation, Infectious Diseases Society of America annual meeting, Philadelphia

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Better Drug Emerges for Steroid-Induced Bone Loss

(HealthDay News) -- The drug teriparatide is better at increasing bone density and reducing vertebral fractures in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis than the drug alendronate, a new study finds.

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones produced in the body or contained in drugs that are used to control inflammation in patients with autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and Crohn's disease, as well as inflammatory conditions such as asthma. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis can occur in people taking steroid medications such as prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone and cortisone, according to background information provided in a news release about the study.

The study participants included 428 patients, aged 22 to 89, with confirmed osteoporosis who had received more than 5 milligrams a day of prednisone or the equivalent for more than three months. For the study, 150 patients were randomly assigned to receive 20 micrograms a day of injectable teriparatide plus oral placebo, and 144 patients received 10 milligrams a day of oral alendronate plus injectable placebo. All the participants received supplements of calcium (1,000 milligrams a day) and vitamin D (800 International Units a day).

After 36 months, lumbar spine bone mineral density was 11 percent higher than at the start of the study in the teriparatide group compared with 5.3 percent higher in the alendronate group, the researchers found. Bone mineral density improvement for total hip was 5.2 percent in the teriparatide group versus 2.7 percent in the alendronate group, and 6.3 percent versus 3.4 percent, respectively, in the femoral neck.

Patients in the teriparatide group had fewer vertebral fractures (1.7 percent) than those in the alendronate group (7.7 percent) and also had higher levels of calcium concentrations (21 percent versus 7 percent), according to the study findings published in the November issue of the journal Arthritis & Rheumatism.

A significant number of individuals are regularly treated with steroids to control inflammation, "which puts them at risk for developing osteoporosis. A need for therapies that mitigate this side effect of steroid use and substantially improve bone mass is vital," study leader Dr. Kenneth Saag, of the University of Alabama, said in a news release from the journal's publisher.

"Our research shows that teriparatide is a safe and effective treatment for patients with steroid-induced [osteoporosis] and should be considered as a therapeutic option for those at high risk of bone fracture," he concluded.

SOURCE: Arthritis & Rheumatism, news release

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After Age 55, Workplace Stress Seems to Decline

(HealthDay News) -- Feeling stressed at work? If you're younger than 50, it might get worse -- at least for a while.

Researchers from the University of Nottingham in England report that stress levels peak when people reach their early 50s but start to dip as they move toward old age.

That's not necessarily good news, either: Work-related stress apparently stays with people into retirement.

The findings come from a new report that analyzed hundreds of research publications from the last two decades.

"Work-related stress is thought to be responsible for more lost working days than any other cause, and it is becoming clear that it is also one factor affecting older workers' willingness and ability to remain in the labor force," the report's lead author, Amanda Griffiths, a professor of occupational health psychology, said in a university news release. "Therefore, protecting tomorrow's older workers, as well as today's, will pay dividends as older workers will form a major part of tomorrow's workforce."

The researchers said their study attempted to fill a gap in research that had focused on workers as a whole and not tended to look at age groups in particular.

They found that people who are older than 50 to 55 could have less stress for several reasons: They might have retired already, gained seniority that offers more control over their work or opted for a less-stressful position.

"As we get older, people's priorities may also change," Griffiths said. "They often have caring responsibilities or wish to spend time with grandchildren and develop other interests. Their work and career may not be their primary drivers."

"Making work attractive and flexible, to allow older people to balance work and their other interests more easily, may be one very important step forward," she said.

SOURCE: University of Nottingham, news release

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Almost 6 Million U.S. Cases of Swine Flu in First Few Months

(HealthDay News) -- Up to 5.7 million cases of H1N1 swine flu hit the United States between April and July, according to a new estimate from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

That number came from a model that estimated that for every confirmed case of H1N1 flu there were 79 unreported cases, according to a report published Thursday in the CDC journal Emerging Infectious Diseases.

Speaking at an afternoon teleconference on Thursday, Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, explained why the CDC uses such models to get an idea of the actual number of H1N1 flu cases.

"Not every case will result in a person seeking medical care," she noted. "Not every person who seeks medical care will be tested for flu. Not every person tested for flu will have a result that is positive. Not every positive result will get reported. So you can imagine that what we count -- whether it's cases or hospitalizations or deaths -- will be underestimates of the full burden."

The report estimates that there were between 1.8 million and 5.7 million cases of flu, as well as 9,000 to 21,000 hospitalizations and about 800 deaths related to the pandemic flu.

There has been no current update of these numbers since July, Schuchat said. "But we do believe many millions of people have already contracted this virus here in the U.S. And by now we have had well over 20,000 hospitalizations," she noted.

Schuchat also cautioned that the 79-to-1 multiplier used in the report is only a best guess and should be taken with "a grain of salt."

She also had some news on the H1N1 vaccine front, noting that the supply of vaccine is changing day by day. As of Thursday there were 24.8 million doses available, Schuchat said, 1.6 million doses more than yesterday.

Production delays have resulted in far fewer doses of the vaccine being available than federal officials had hoped for by this time. The first estimates called for 40 million doses by the end of October and 190 million doses by year's end.

Every day more vaccine is becoming available, however, and officials hope to see an end to the shortage over the next several weeks.

"I appreciate the frustration people are seeing as they are unable to find vaccine," Schuchat said. "Over the next several weeks it should become more easily available and each day we are seeing forward progress."

She also said that supplies of the antiviral drug Tamiflu should be plentiful. While there may be some shortage of the liquid form usually given to children, pharmacists can convert pills into a liquid. Parents too can mix the drug with chocolate syrup to make it more palatable for children who have trouble taking pills, she said.

In related news, Swiss pharmaceuticals giant Novartis AG said on Thursday that it is on schedule to meet its U.S. government contract for H1N1 vaccine, the Associated Press reported.

Fears had circulated in recent weeks that the company might have to delay shipments of the sought-after vaccine, and U.S. officials had announced earlier in October that they had only received 23 million of a predicted 45 million doses by mid-month. However, Novartis remains on target to deliver 25 to 30 million doses of the vaccine to the United States by the end of November, the AP said.

SOURCES: teleconference with: Anne Schuchat, M.D., director, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Oct. 29, 2009, CDC, Emerging Infectious Diseases; Associated Press

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Low vitamin D tied to heart, stroke deaths

(Reuters Health) - Low vitamin D levels in the body may be deadly, according to a new study hinting that adults with lower, versus higher, blood levels of vitamin D may be more likely to die from heart disease or stroke.

Vitamin D is an essential vitamin mostly obtained from direct sunlight exposure, but also found in foods and multivitamins.

Dr. Annamari Kilkkinen, at the National Institute for Health and Welfare in Helsinki, Finland, and colleagues compared blood levels of vitamin D and deaths from heart disease or stroke over time in 2,817 men and 3,402 women in Finland.

At enrollment, participants were just over 49 years old on average, and had no indicators of cardiovascular disease, the researchers note in the American Journal of Epidemiology.

During follow-up of about 27 years on average, 640 of the participants (358 men) died from heart disease and another 293 (122 men) died from stroke.

Compared with participants' with the highest vitamin D, those with the lowest had 25 percent higher risk of dying from heart disease or stroke, Kilkkinen noted in an email to Reuters Health.

There was a "particularly striking association" between vitamin D levels and stroke deaths, the researcher noted, in that having the lowest vitamin D seemed to confer "twice the risk," compared with having the highest vitamin D.

Allowing for age, gender, and other demographic factors, plus alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, and season in which vitamin D levels were obtained did not significantly alter these associations.

In this study, vitamin D levels were "substantially lower" than levels thought to be sufficient, and "somewhat lower" than those reported in previous studies in other European and American populations.

However, there is no "absolute consensus" as to what the optimal range of vitamin D should be, the investigators note. Also, it's not known whether low vitamin D actually causes increased risk for heart disease or stroke. Clearly, further study is needed, they conclude.

SOURCE: American Journal of Epidemiology

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Migraine Headache

A migraine is a common type of headache that may occur with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or sensitivity to light. In many people, a throbbing pain is felt only on one side of the head.

Some people who get migraines have warning symptoms, called an aura, before the actual headache begins. An aura is a group of symptoms, usually vision disturbances, that serve as a warning sign that a bad headache is coming. Most people, however, do not have such warning signs.

See also:

* Headache
* Mixed tension migraine (features of both a migraine and tension headache)

Alternative Names

Headache - migraine
Causes, incidence, and risk factors

A lot of people get migraines -- about 11 out of 100. The headaches tend to first appear between the ages of 10 and 46. Occasionally, migraines may occur later in life in a person with no history of such headaches. Migraines occur more often in women than men, and may run in families. Women may have fewer migraines when they are pregnant. Most women with such headaches have fewer attacks during the last two trimesters of pregnancy.

A migraine is caused by abnormal brain activity, which is triggered by stress, certain foods, environmental factors, or something else. However, the exact chain of events remains unclear.

Scientists used to believe that migraines were due to changes in blood vessels within the brain. Today, most medical experts believe the attack actually begins in the brain itself, where it involves various nerve pathways and chemicals. The changes affect blood flow in the brain and surrounding tissues.

Migraine attacks may be triggered by:

* Alcohol
* Allergic reactions
* Bright lights
* Certain odors or perfumes
* Changes in hormone levels (which can occur during a woman's menstrual cycle or with the use of birth control pills)
* Changes in sleep patterns
* Exercise
* Loud noises
* Missed meals
* Physical or emotional stress
* Smoking or exposure to smoke

Certain foods and preservatives in foods may trigger migraines in some people. Food-related triggers may include:

* Any processed, fermented, pickled, or marinated foods
* Baked goods
* Chocolate
* Dairy products
* Foods containing monosodium glutamate (MSG)
* Foods containing tyramine, which includes red wine, aged cheese, smoked fish, chicken livers, figs, and certain beans
* Fruits (avocado, banana, citrus fruit)
* Meats containing nitrates (bacon, hot dogs, salami, cured meats)
* Nuts
* Onions
* Peanut butter

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Pregnancy

You feel sick but happy. You're tired but excited about the future. Your body is changing and your moods are volatile. You are pregnant. Are you ready? Learn about what's happening to you and your baby at the Pregnancy Learning Center. From preparing to get pregnant and preventing pregnancy, to knowing what to expect during pregnancy through delivery, the Learning Center offers a wealth of multimedia information to help guide you through this special time.

What doctor is best for you at this time? What about prenatal care? Are there special vitamin supplements you're supposed to be taking while pregnant? Feeling stressed? Want to relax and connect with the little being growing inside of you? Check out our information on alternative therapies for pregnant women.

What kinds of tests are recommended during pregnancy? The Learning Center organizes information you need throughout the course of your special time. We hope your pregnancy is a healthy one, but what if you are diagnosed with a complication? Our multimedia center provides information about many different problems that can arise during the course of the next nine months. Some of our learning tools are geared toward women who have a medical condition (such as diabetes or asthma) prior to getting pregnant.

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Breast Cancer

Cancer is a scary word. But breast cancer is not a death sentence and every day there are more breast cancer survivors due to advances in treatments and drug therapy. Cancers are abnormal cells in the body which grow uncontrollably. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women, although men get breast cancer too.

There are many known risk factors for breast cancer. Healthline's Breast Cancer Learning Center offers tools and expert articles to help you understand whether or not you are in a high risk group. It is now recommended that women in high risk groups have an MRI scan along with their annual mammogram. No matter what your risk of getting cancer, today we are armed with tremendous knowledge about how to prevent breast cancer.

Know the symptoms of breast cancer. Most breast lumps are non-cancerous - so when should you be concerned? Learn about how breast cancer is diagnosed. Most women find lumps themselves during breast self-exams. Finding and treating breast cancer early greatly increases your chances of survival and of being completely cured.

If you are diagnosed with breast cancer, there are many resources to help you through it. Getting to the right medical team is crucial to good breast cancer care and increased survival rates. Breast cancer is complex. There are different stages of breast cancer and different types - invasive or non-invasive, hormone receptor positive or negative. The tumor size, shape and the rate of cell division all determine the prognosis. Once treated, breast cancer patients must be evaluated for recurrence.

The Breast Cancer Learning Center's multimedia offerings will help you anticipate your journey to healing. The Alternative Therapies section provides information you can discuss with your doctor if there are complementary practices you want to try.

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High Blood Pressure

Every encounter you have with a health care professional likely involves getting your blood pressure checked. Why is blood pressure measurement such an important indicator of health? What does it mean if your blood pressure is high? High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is the force applied against the wall of the arteries as the heart pumps. High blood pressure is a silent disease, one that may not have any symptoms for months or even years.

Blood pressure measurements are checked with a syphgmomanometer and a stethoscope. An inflatable cuff is placed around the arm and a stethoscope placed over the arteries in the crook of the elbow. As the cuff is deflated, a sound is heard as the blood courses through the artery. The first sound heard is measured and that is the systolic blood pressure. Normal systolic blood pressure is less than 120 (mm Hg). When the sound stops, the measurement is the diastolic blood pressure. Normal diastolic blood pressure is less than 80 (mm Hg).

Complications of high blood pressure are no joke. What happens is that the walls of the arteries lose their elasticity over time and the heart has to work harder to push the blood through them. Every organ and body system is therefore affected by high blood pressure. That is why treatment is so important. People sometimes want to stop taking their medications when they feel better. That is a dangerous practice with high blood pressure and can lead to life threatening problems such as heart attack or stroke.

Prevention of high blood pressure is a key to wellness. The High Blood Pressure Learning Center offers multimedia guides to preventing high blood pressure and its complications with very simple lifestyle adjustments. You may want to explore complementary and alternative therapies. The Learning Center provides talking points for discussions with your health care provider.

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Preventive Antibiotics Help Some Kids Fend Off Urinary Infections

(HealthDay News) -- Children who are predisposed to recurrent urinary tract infections are commonly treated with preventive antibiotics, and a new Australian study suggests that such prophylactic therapy may have at least a modest effect.

Only 13 percent of youngsters who were given the antibiotic combination of trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole (brand names Bactrim and Septra) developed a urinary tract infection while on the medication compared to 19 percent of the children on a placebo, according to the study.

"There was a small benefit across many groups of children, which will be worthwhile in some -- e.g., very young children, those with severe infections and those with recurrent infections," said the study's lead author, Dr. Jonathan C. Craig, a professor of clinical epidemiology at the School of Public Health at the University of Sydney in Australia.

Results of the study are published in the Oct. 29 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very common in children. According to the study, 2 percent of boys and 8 percent of girls will have at least one UTI by the time they're 7 years old. Although often a mild infection, UTIs can be serious, with as many as 5 percent of children with one of these infections developing some type of kidney damage.

And that kidney damage can be long-lasting, according to Dr. Alejandro Hoberman, of the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, who authored an accompanying editorial in the journal.

"Some children have a condition known as vesicoureteral reflux, which with a urinary tract infection can lead to renal scarring, which can eventually lead to high blood pressure, the pregnancy complication preeclampsia and even kidney problems," Hoberman explained.

Craig's study included children with varying degrees of vesicoureteral reflux, which means urine backs up from the bladder into the kidney, as well as children without this condition. However, all of the children included in the study had had at least one symptomatic UTI.

The median age of the children at the start of the study was 14 months, and they were recruited from four centers in Australia. Just under two-thirds of the children were girls.

Half of the children (288) were randomly selected to receive the antibiotic combination preventively for 12 months, while the other youngsters received a placebo for 12 months.

The finding that 13 percent of the children receiving antibiotics developed a UTI during the study period versus 19 percent of those on placebo means that 14 children have to be treated with antibiotics to prevent one UTI from occurring, according to the study.

There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of adverse events in either group.

"This study is a welcome addition to the literature. It was a larger sample of children and had a control group with placebo, but there were only modest treatment effects. I think it's probably not a one-size-fits-all approach. There may still be subgroups of children [like those with reflux] who may benefit more," said Hoberman.

But, he added, "I'm not ready to completely discount antimicrobial prophylaxis yet. Let's not throw the baby out with the bathwater."

Craig said he believes the modest reduction in urinary tract infections with preventive antibiotic use outweighs the potential risks, such as the possible development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

More Information

To learn more about urinary tract infections in children, visit the U.S. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

(SOURCES: Jonathan C. Craig, M.B.Ch.B., Ph.D., professor of clinical epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia; Alejandro Hoberman, M.D., chief, division of general academic pediatrics, professor of pediatrics, and Jack L. Paradise M.D. Endowed Professor of Pediatric Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pa.; Oct. 29, 2009 New England Journal of Medicine)

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Cell Phone May Reduce Bone Density in Hips

Wearing a cell phone on your hip may reduce bone density in an area of the pelvis commonly used for bone grafts, a new study suggests.

Turkish researchers used dual X-ray absorptiometry to measure bone density at the upper rims of the pelvis (iliac wings) in 150 men who carried their cell phones on their belts. The men carried their phones for an average of 15 hours a day, and had used cell phones for an average of six years.

Bone density was slightly reduced on the side of the pelvis where the men carried their cell phones, the study found. The difference wasn't statistically significant and didn't approach bone level density reductions seen in people with osteoporosis. However, the men were relatively young (average age 32), and further bone weakening may occur, said Dr. Tolga Atay and colleagues at Suleyman Demirel University in Isparta.

The study, published in the September issue of the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, suggests that electromagnetic fields emitted by cell phones may have a harmful effect on bone density.

However, the researchers emphasized that their findings are preliminary and noted that future generations of cell phones may reduce users' exposure to electromagnetic fields. In the meantime, it "would be better to keep mobile phones as far as possible from our body during our daily lives," Atay and colleagues concluded.

The iliac wings of the pelvis are widely used for bone grafting, which means any reduction in bone density there may affect reconstructive surgery. In procedures where bone density is important for good outcomes, surgeons may want to consider the possible effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields from cell phones, the researchers suggested.

SOURCE: Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, news release, Oct. 23, 2009

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WHO : Sex, alcohol, fat among world's big killers

LONDON (Reuters) - Tackling just five health factors could prevent millions of premature deaths and increase global life expectancy by almost 5 years, the United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) said Tuesday.

Poor childhood nutrition, unsafe sex, alcohol, bad sanitation and hygiene, and high blood pressure are to blame for around a quarter of the 60 million premature deaths around the world each year, the WHO said in a report.

But while not having enough nutritious food is a big health risk for those in poorer countries, obesity and being overweight pose yet bigger risks in richer nations -- leading to a situation in which obesity and being overweight causes more deaths worldwide than being underweight.

"The world faces some large, widespread and certain risks to health," the WHO said in its Global Health Risks report. It examined 24 major health risks, and said recognizing and assessing them would help policy makers draw up strategies to improve health in the broadest and most cost-effective ways.

"As health improves, gains can multiply," it said. "Reducing the burden of disease in the poor may raise income levels, which in turn will further help to reduce health inequalities."

The report warned that although some major health risk factors, such as smoking, obesity and being overweight, were usually associated with high-income countries, more than three-quarters of the total global burden of diseases they cause now occurs in poor and developing countries.

"Health risks are in transition: populations are aging owing to successes against infectious diseases; at the same time, patterns of physical activity and food, alcohol and tobacco consumption are changing," it said.

"Understanding the role of these risk factors is important for developing clear and effective strategies for improving global health."

The Geneva-based U.N. health agency listed the world's top mortality risks as high blood pressure (responsible for 13 percent of deaths globally), tobacco use (9 percent), high blood glucose (6 percent), physical inactivity (6 percent), and obesity or being overweight (5 percent).

These factors raised the risk of chronic diseases and some of the biggest killers such as heart disease, diabetes and cancers, and affected "countries across all income groups -- high, middle and low," it said.

The WHO said its study, which used data from 2004 -- the latest available -- showed how health was becoming "globalised" and warned that developing countries now increasingly face a double burden of risks to health.

"The poorest countries still face a high and concentrated burden from poverty, undernutrition, unsafe sex, unsafe water and sanitation," it said. "At the same time, dietary risk factors for high blood pressure, cholesterol and obesity, coupled with insufficient physical activity, are responsible for an increasing proportion of the total disease burden."

The WHO added that if the risks in its report had not existed, life expectancy would have been on average almost a decade longer in 2004 for the entire global population.

Reuters Health

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Depression Often Goes Untreated in Working Moms

(HealthDay News) -- More than 65 percent of U.S. mothers with depression don't receive adequate treatment, a new study has found.

Black, Hispanic and other minority mothers are least likely to receive adequate treatment. Mothers with health insurance are three times more likely to receive adequate treatment than those without insurance, wrote the researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health.

"Health insurance facilitates access to adequate treatment for maternal depression. Expanding health insurance coverage to mothers with depression is a critical step in helping them get the care that they need," study author Dr. Whitney P. Witt, an assistant professor of population health sciences, said in a news release from the university.

The analysis of national data on 2,130 mothers with depression also found that working mothers were less likely to receive adequate treatment, possibly because long work hours make it difficult for them to find time to seek treatment. This means that workplaces could prove a useful location for depression intervention.

"Services like employee-assistance programs can help these mothers get screened and treated, even if they are unable to visit a provider or a mental health professional in the health-care setting," co-author Kristin Litzelman, a population health sciences doctoral student, said in the release. "Since healthy employees are productive employees, it's often a win-win for employers to offer benefits that support employee mental health."

Depression in mothers can have a major impact on the entire family, especially on the health and well-being of their children, the researchers noted. Treating depression in mothers can improve the long-term health of their families.

Health-care providers need to understand the racial, ethnic and educational disparities that affect treatment of mothers with depression in order to intervene and help these patients get the care they need, the study authors noted.

The study was released online in advance of publication in an upcoming print issue of the Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research.

SOURCE: University of Wisconsin, news release, Oct. 19, 2009

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Foot Care for People With Diabetes

(HealthDay News) -- People with diabetes are especially prone to foot problems, so it's important to take good care of your feet and inspect them frequently.

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons offers these suggestions:

* Wash your feet daily with soap and water, and carefully dry them afterward.
* Use a rich moisturizer on your feet, but don't apply it between the toes.
* Keep toenails trimmed, but cut them straight across. Clipping the corners can lead to ingrown nails.
* Avoid using antiseptics, sharp tools or heating pads on the feet.
* Keep feet warm and dry with cozy socks.
* Prevent circulatory problems by avoiding smoking. And don't sit with your legs crossed.

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Alcohol may help women stay mobile

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - For people in their 70's, light to moderate alcohol intake may offer women, but not men, some protection against loss of mobility, a study hints.

But the investigators caution that most of this benefit is tied to the drinkers' lifestyle.

The study looked at associations between alcohol intake and the mobility levels reported by 3,061 healthy men and women who were 70 to 79 years old and living in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and Memphis, Tennessee areas.

At enrollment, none had difficulty walking a quarter mile, climbing 10 steps, or performing basic activities of daily living. Every 6 months over the next 6.5 years, the participants had either a clinical examination or completed a mobility survey.

From these evaluations, Dr. Cinzia Maraldi of the University of Ferrara in Italy and colleagues determined that 24 percent of the study subjects had become unable to walk a quarter mile, climb 10 steps without resting, or perform daily activities. Another 49 percent developed difficulty performing these tasks.

When Maraldi's team looked at mobility according to weekly alcohol intake, as determined at study enrollment, moderate drinking in men and light to moderate drinking in women appeared to be associated with lower loss of mobility.

For men, moderate intake was defined as 8 to 14 drinks per week. For women, light drinking was 1 to 3 drinks per week and moderate drinking, 4 to 7 drinks a week.

However, most of the apparent protective effect on mobility of light and moderate alcohol intake was found to be due to lifestyle factors of the drinkers - particularly lower body weight, higher physical activity levels, higher income, and more education.

In the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Maraldi and colleagues suggest caution in "attributing a direct benefit of moderate alcohol intake on functional ability," since these findings show that lifestyle plays a more important role in elder's ability to maintain mobility.

SOURCE: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, October 2009

Reuters Health

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Healthy home may help keep the weight off

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - If you've lost a lot of weight and want to keep it off, banishing high-fat foods and getting rid of your TV sets might help, along with eating less and staying active, new research hints.

Researchers found that people who had lost weight and had maintained a normal weight for 5 years were much more physically active than obese people who hadn't lost weight and were also being better able to control their food intake.

But people's home environment also mattered, Dr. Suzanne Phelan of California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo and her colleagues found. The weight loss maintainers had fewer TVs in their homes, and were less likely to be stocking their shelves with fatty foods.

Phelan and her team looked at 167 weight-loss maintainers and two groups of 153 treatment-seeking obese individuals to investigate behaviors and environmental factors that might promote sustained weight loss. People in the control groups had been participating in two different studies of weight loss interventions, but remained obese.

People who had kept the weight off expended 2,877 calories in physical activity per week, on average, compared to 762 per week for one of the control groups and 1,003 for the other, the team found.

In addition, weight loss maintainers had fewer TVs in their homes and more exercise equipment than the control groups.

There were also marked differences in the kinds of foods people had in the pantry, with the weight loss maintainers having significantly fewer high-fat items and more low-fat foods like fruits and vegetables and low fat dairy foods.

The weight-loss maintainers clearly had stronger self-control than the persistently obese people, Phelan and her team note, but it's not clear why.

"The home environment of the weight-loss maintainers contained fewer high-fat foods and televisions and, thus, may have demanded fewer self-control resources than the more 'toxic' home environments of the treatment-seeking obese," they note in the Annals of Behavioral Medicine.

"You have to pay attention to your home environment if you want to succeed," Phelan advised in a statement from the Health Behavior News Service. "Do you have TVs in every room? When you walk into your kitchen, do you see high-fat food or healthy food?"

"If you want to choose better foods, keep better foods within reach. Don't just rely on willpower," Dr. David Katz, director of Yale University School of Medicine's Prevention Research Center in New Haven, Connecticut, commented in the statement.

"If you want to be more active, create opportunities for exercise that are always within reach. Don't just rely on motivation," added Katz, who wasn't involved in Phelan's study. "We should be propagating the awareness that lasting weight control is about skill power, not just willpower."

SOURCE: Annals of Behavioral Medicine, October 2009.

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Antipsychotic Drugs Spur Dramatic Weight Gain in Kids

Children and teens who take medicines for conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism tend to put on a substantial amount of weight, a new study finds.

The worry is that excessive weight gain and other metabolic changes in childhood can place kids at risk for chronic health problems as adults. Some of these medicines, collectively known as "atypical antipsychotics," have been linked to increased blood-fat levels.

"We are very much afraid that this will lead to diabetes and metabolic syndrome," said study author Dr. Christoph Correll, medical director of the Recognition and Prevention program at the Zucker Hillside Hospital in Glen Oaks, N.Y.

The study, reported in the Oct. 28 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association, is the largest analysis of its kind, Correll said.

Jeanette M. Jerrell, a professor of neuropsychiatry at the University of South Carolina School of Medicine in Columbia, is the co-author of a similar study published last year in the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine.

"We found that obesity/weight gain, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular conditions were more prevalent in the treated cohort," she noted.

Her study also found that kids taking multiple antipsychotics were at significantly higher risk for obesity/weight gain, type 2 diabetes, abnormal blood-fat levels and cardiovascular problems.

"This new study is important because it draws further attention to the safety profile of antipsychotics in young populations, and the critical need for expanding the evidence base to guide clinical decisions," she said.

Concerns about the safety of atypical antipsychotics are not new. In 2003, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ordered manufacturers of these drugs to add a warning about the risk for hyperglycemia and diabetes.

What's more, a 2008 report in The Lancet suggested that some of these drugs -- sometimes called "second-generation" antipsychotics -- may be no better than older, "first-generation" medicines. The authors concluded that each drug must be weighed individually based on its efficacy and side effects.

Correll's study was designed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the newer class of drugs in youth. His team followed 272 patients, aged 4 to 19, who were taking an antipsychotic for the first time. Patients were being treated for mood spectrum, schizophrenia spectrum or aggressive behavior spectrum disorders.

Fifteen pediatric patients who refused to participate or discontinued their antipsychotic medication within four weeks of starting served as a control group.

The study focused on four antipsychotics commonly prescribed to children: aripiprazole (Abilify), olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel) and risperidone (Risperdal).

After nearly 11 weeks, the treated kids gained an average of 18.7 pounds on Zyprexa, 13.4 pounds on Seroquel, 11.7 pounds on Risperdal and 9.7 pounds on Abilify, while the control group gained less than half a pound. Between 10 percent and 36 percent became overweight or obese during the treatment period, according to the study.

"In these kids that we studied, there was rapid and dramatic weight gain, more than has been described before," said Correll, who is also a scientist in the Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience at the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research in Manhasset, N.Y.

Use of each drug was linked to wider bellies and increased "fat mass" -- the proportion of the body comprised of fat.

The drugs had varying effects on metabolic levels. Zyprexa and Seroquel users experienced significant adverse changes in total cholesterol and trigylcerides. Risperdal use resulted in a significant increase in triglycerides. Abilify, however, appeared "metabolically neutral," Correll said.

"Some of these kids are maintained on these medications for many years if not indefinitely, so it's definitely a concern," said Ronald T. Brown, dean and professor of public health at Temple University Health Sciences Center in Philadelphia. "For children who really don't absolutely need these drugs, they need to be doing more behavioral approaches in psychotherapy."

In an accompanying editorial, Drs. Christopher K. Varley and Jon McClellan of Seattle Children's Hospital concluded that large, independently funded studies are needed to establish the long-term safety and benefit of these drugs in children.

"Until those data are available, consideration of less risky treatment interventions and scrupulous attention to metabolic parameters in children and adolescents who receive atypical antipsychotic medications are essential," they wrote.

Correll, in fact, is currently involved in a longer-term follow-up study to assess the health effects of these drugs in children over an extended period of time.

For now, he advises clinicians and families to carefully weigh the risks and benefits of the medications against the risk of the illness, and to consider other pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical options. It's also important to teach children about healthy lifestyles and to closely monitor kids' weight, lipid levels and blood glucose, he said.

SOURCES: Christoph Correll, M.D., medical director, Recognition and Prevention Program, Zucker Hillside Hospital, and scientist, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, N.Y.; Jeanette M. Jerrell, Ph.D., professor, neuropsychiatry and behavioral science, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, S.C.; Ronald T. Brown, Ph.D., dean and professor, public health, Temple University Health Sciences Center, Philadelphia; Oct. 28, 2009, Journal of the American Medical Association

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Radiation From Medical Scans Soaring

Americans' exposure to radiation from medical procedures has exploded over the past few decades, to six times the level of 1980, a new report shows.

In 2006, almost 380 million diagnostic and interventional radiological procedures were performed in the United States, on top of 18 million nuclear medicine examinations.

"Back in about 1980, 15 percent of radiation that the U.S. population got was from medicine and the rest was predominantly from natural background radiation," noted Dr. Fred Mettler Jr., U.S. Representative to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation and a professor of radiology at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. "In the last 20 years, medical exposure has gone up between 600 and 700 percent from what it was, and it is now the biggest source of radiation to the U.S. population."

"The issue," Mettler continued, "is that this is a controllable source. We regulate the effluent from nuclear power plants so the public doesn't get exposure but medical exposure is essentially unregulated. The largest source in the U.S. is essentially unregulated, and it's up to your family doctor or any other doctor to hand it out."

Mettler is lead author of a paper appearing in the November issue of Radiology that summarizes the conclusions of two previous reports on radiation sources in the U.S. Those reports were issued by the U.S. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and the United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation.

The findings are in line with previous studies, one of which attributed up to two percent of all cancers to CT scans alone and another which concluded that cumulative exposure to radiation from CT scans increases the risk for malignancy by as much as 12 percent.

The last comprehensive assessment of radiation exposure was conducted in 1980-1982, a veritable eternity by medical and scientific standards.

"We needed to get a grip on how much radiation the U.S. was getting and where it was coming from," Mettler said.

In the intervening years, the number of procedures performed has risen "by leaps and bounds," he said. "The biggest chunk of that is CT scanning, which has been growing at better than 10 percent a year while the U.S. population is growing at less than 1 percent."

Widely used as a diagnostic tool, CT scans provide detailed images of organs, allowing more accurate diagnoses of conditions such as cancer. But CT involves a higher radiation dose than most other imaging tests. According to this paper, CT provides half of the country's total radiation dose, even though it represents only 17 percent of total procedures.

Emergency room physicians may be at the epicenter of the surge in scan use, Mettler said. "Twenty-five to 40 percent of CT scans are ordered out of the ER," he noted. "The emergency physicians are in a tough box because they're worried about getting sued. And they tend to get patients who they haven't seen before. This is a one-time walk-in and their mantra is, 'We can't afford to miss anything.'"

Of course, the trend is not limited to the U.S., although it may be more extreme here. Globally, the per-capita annual dose from medicine has doubled in the past decade or so.

Still the U.S. leads the pack, with 12 percent of all radiologic procedures and half of nuclear medicine procedures performed here.

"We have a little under 5 percent of the world's population and 25 percent of X-ray studies in the world and double and triple that of other developed countries," Mettler said. "Nobody thought about how much radiation goes with this."

But not all of uptick in scans has been unnecessary, said Dr. Robert Zimmerman, executive vice chair of radiology at Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York City.

"We don't really know how much of it is overuse. We do know some of it is overutilization, but CT is a valuable imaging modality. CT is a great test. There's no question that in the appropriate cases it's going to save lives."

There are things radiologists can do to curb its use, including reducing the doses, while manufacturers are working on new and improved machines, Zimmerman said.

Physicians can also tailor their use, thinking twice about using this type of technology in children, who are more sensitive to radiation and have longer to develop side effects.

"When I get a call for a CT scan, my first question is, 'How old is the patient?' If it's 40 or under my antennas go up and if they're 70 my antennas don't get so excited. Mostly my idea is a CT might be a good thing but you would like to think about radiation beforehand," Mettler said. "There's a lot of stuff going on now that isn't justified. Nobody's ever shown that many of these things we do make a difference in outcome."

SOURCES: Fred A. Mettler Jr., M.D., U.S. representative to the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, and professor, radiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque; Robert Zimmerman, M.D., executive vice chair, radiology, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York City; November 2009 Radiology
HealthDay

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Swine Flu Declared a National Emergency

Saturday President Obama declared the H1N1 flu, also known as the swine flu, a national emergency. The move allows Kathleen Sebelius, the U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary to quicken the regulatory process for health providers if they are besieged with cases of the swine flu, by waiving certain regulations.

The declaring of a federal emergency, according to White House officials, was not because there has been a major increase in the number of H1N1 cases, even though the numbers have been increasing gradually. The move was to help health care facilities when they become inundated with cases of H1N1. This will allow them the ability to make quick moves to contain H1N1 flu cases, including moving patients diagnosed with the virus to a designated area of their facility or moving them to another treatment facility, such as a nearby armory. Declaring a national emergency can also allow some of the restrictions placed on Medicare and Medicaid patients to be removed.

According to the president’s declaration of a national emergency, cases of the swine flu do continue to grow across the country, and “the potential exists for the pandemic to overburden health care resources in some localities.” The waiver could remove the chances of a hospital being overwhelmed by cases of the swine flu and allow hospitals to set up off-site locations where anyone with symptoms of the swine flu would go for treatment. Public health experts said the move by the president is a relief, even though health services are not strained yet, the cases have continued to increase significantly during the month of October.

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention between August 30th and October 17th there have been 2,416 deaths attributed to the swine flu, and the virus has already led to at least 21,823 Americans being hospitalized. Prior to that time, from April through August, there were 593 deaths and 9,079 hospitalizations. The virus is now considered active and spreading in 46 states,

While the more seasonal flu virus mostly affects the elderly, the swine flu tends to affect children. The number of children the U.S. has already lost to the swine flu is more than usually die during the entire flu season. Pregnant women, young adults and children seem to be more at risk.

Officials initially had hoped to have at least 120 million doses of swine flu vaccines available by mid-October, but there have been some production problems and only 16 million doses have been made available.

The government is taking some rather large measures to help when treating H1N1, including the now-established emergency. Do not panic, because the declaration was not because of a huge surge in cases of the flu. The move was a proactive step to help hospitals if they are inundated with a large number of flu cases due the virus continuing to grow across the U.S. While the number of H1N1 flu vaccines available is less than what had been expected, there are some available and more are due for arrival. Call your doctor or health department to schedule a vaccine today.
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WHO: 1 of 5 Baby Not immunized

Through immunization, infant mortality and children from dangerous diseases can be suppressed. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 106 million children in the world have been immunized in 2008. However, it was 1 in 5 children are still away from the immunization program.
The majority of children are not vaccinated in countries of low socioeconomic groups, such as Asia and Africa. In general, they are in remote areas inaccessible health professionals. Therefore, the WHO together with UNICEF and the World Bank will raise funds up to U.S. $ 1 billion for next year's immunization program.


WHO considers the amount spent is a valuable investment. Vaccination has been proven to protect the baby from the 2.5 million deaths annually. However, according to a WHO report, 90 percent of children aged less than five years are routinely immunized from developed countries.

By providing a full immunization, case numbers fell some dangerous disease drastically, one could even dieradikasi. Some polio vaccination immunization is to protect from paralysis due to polio, BCG immunization prevent tuberculosis of the brain and bone, and DPT immunization to protect children from diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus.

"We must overcome the differences between rich and poor countries," said Dr Margaret Chen, General Director of the WHO. WHO seems to overcome the challenges it is still a big gap. In 2000, the world cost about 8 U.S. dollars (USD 73,000) per birth infants immunized in developing countries. In the future costs expected to increase to 18 U.S. dollars given the increasingly high prices of vaccines.

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WHO: 5,000 People Killed by A-H1N1 virus

Nearly 5,000 people are reported dead because of infected A-H1N1 virus, or swine flu infections since it emerged this year and spread into a global pandemic. Reported the world's health agency (WHO), Friday (23/10) in Geneva, Switzerland.
WHO says, the number would the death toll may be higher than these reports, because many countries stopped counting cases of swine flu infection. Countries that report that the victim died from the virus for the first time is Iceland, Sudan, Trinidad and Tobago.


In London, England, vaccine manufacturers GlaxoSmithKline PLC said, one dose of vaccine is sufficient to protect children from H1N1 virus infection. In a statement, Glaxo said, one dose of vaccine is sufficient to increase the child's immune system to fight the virus. This is based on research conducted in Spain on 200 children aged six months to three years.

The statement was issued to refute the opinion of experts who say that children need two doses of the vaccine because their immune systems are weaker than adults.

Pandemrix GlaxoSmithKline vaccine containing adjuvant production, the chemical that strengthens the active ingredients of vaccines and increase the body's immune system response. Although most of the flu vaccine in Europe in general contain adjuvant, but not a lot of data that prove the safety of a group of children and pregnant women.

Adjuvant alone was used by Glaxo flu vaccine products and already used by 41,000 people in the face of transmission of bird flu, swine flu, and common influenza.

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Soybean Milk Cholesterol Free

Although small shape, soybean can be processed into various food products, one of which is soy milk. Composition of soy milk is similar to cow's milk, therefore it can be used soy milk instead of cow's milk, especially for those who are allergic to cow's milk lactose.
Another advantage of soy milk than cow's milk is not at all contain cholesterol. However, according to Prof. Dr. Made Astawan, author of Nutrition and Ingredients Food Aneka, cholesterol content of cow's milk is still relatively very low when compared with other animal food. Because it does not have to worry about drinking cow's milk.


Quality protein, soy milk is also almost equal to the quality of cow's milk protein. Protein eficiency ratio (PER) of soy milk is 2.3 whereas cow's milk PER is 2.5. PER means that every 2.3 grams of protein you eat will result in weight gain of 2.3 grams. Thus, the higher the PER value reflects the better quality protein.

In general, soy milk contains vitamins B1, B2 and niacin in an amount equivalent to cow's milk or breast milk, and contains vitamin E and K in considerable amounts.

However, soy milk does not contain vitamin B12 and mineral content, especially calcium, less than cow's milk. Therefore, soy milk is usually produced by the factory are always supplemented with minerals and vitamins.

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Do You Have Ever tattoo or piercing?

Hepatitis C virus is a dangerous virus. The virus is a major cause of liver infection that is very contagious and can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer. Until there is currently no vaccine to prevent this disease because the virus mutates very quickly.

Medical world to know the seven types of viral hepatitis (liver inflammation), namely A, B, C, D, E, G, and TT. However, the type of viral hepatitis A, B, and C is more frequently encountered in our country. The difference between the hepatitis virus is located on the difference in infection kronisitas and long-term damage they caused.


Compared with hepatitis B, hepatitis C virus far more virulent and more frequently causes chronic liver disease. Hepatitis C virus (VHC) has a number of mutations (genetic changes) are high that often arise mutant could escape from the ambush "army" of antibodies the body. As a result, there has been no successful vaccine created to prevent this viral infection.

According to dr Superior Budihusodo, SpPD-KGEH, Chairman of the Indonesian Heart Association researcher, virus transmission occurs through blood or infected body fluids such as blood transfusions, the use of tattoos with non-sterile equipment, exchange of injecting drug antarpengguna injection, and repeated use of needles or other medical devices that are not sterile.

VHC infection is often referred to as covert infections because VHC infection is often asymptomatic, or if any, symptoms typically mild and not so many people do not seek treatment to the doctor. In fact, the number of people who are not diagnosed, he could act as a carrier (carrying the virus) and spread it to others unknowingly.

Some symptoms of VHC infection, among others, a sense of fatigue, fever and chills, no appetite, nausea and vomiting, skin looks yellow, pain in upper right abdomen, and weight loss of unknown cause.

If you experience one or more of these symptoms, you are not necessarily infected, given that most people infected with it VHC rarely have symptoms.

"Because the disease is asymptomatic (no symptoms), it is better to do laboratory checks, especially for those in high risk. The young in mind, the higher the possibility of recovery," said dr Excellence.

To know if you are in high risk groups, try to remember the events that might have been able to make you get hepatitis C. Some questions that can guide you is:
- Have you ever received a blood transfusion or organ transfusions?
- Did you ever perform dialysis (hemodialysis)?
- Do you have family members who have hepatitis C?
- Do you have a tattoo or pierced with a needle once a non-sterile?
- Have you ever had high-risk sexual activity without protection (condom)?
- Are you including medical workers who had contact with blood in the workplace?
- Do you use nail clippers, toothbrushes, razors, and needle acupuncture (which may be contaminated with blood in it) turns with other people?

If you answered "YES" to one or more of these questions, consult your doctor immediately.

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What Hormones and Migraine Connection?

In terms of health, many of the advantages of being female. But not when talking about headaches, especially migraine.

It is estimated that 18 of 100 women aged 12 years and over had at least feel a migraine or a headache that affects one side of the head. In men, this headache attack only 6 percent of the population. Why is this disease attacks women more often? The experts expect it because of hormones.


Many factors cause headaches, both men and women, including genetic factors and age. In women, the main cause is mainly due to hormonal changes.

The influence of hormones seen in the fact that most patients experienced migraine attacks at the time before, during, or after the coming months. Migraines are also many suffered by women of childbearing age, and gradually disappears at menopause.

The use of contraceptive pills and hormone therapy can also trigger headaches. During pregnancy, usually in order headache attacks decreased.

Mayoclinic sites mentioned in the hormones estrogen and progesterone, which play an important role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy, affects chemicals in the brain that cause headaches. High levels of estrogen which will cause headaches, while the low estrogen actually exacerbate the pain in his head.

Stress factors can also increase the expected frequency of migraine attacks. As for foods that contain tiramin, such as cheese, and feniletamin (in brown) can also stimulate migraine attacks.

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Watch out, earphones Could Make Deaf

When listening to your favorite song comes on the radio, in the gym or on an MP3 player or iPod, we will direct spontaneous increase the volume and sing along. However, beware of the loud volume through the earphones. Because, too often exposed to loud music can cause hearing loss.
In the United States reported more and more adults and adolescents diagnosed with deafness due to old age (presbiakusis) that this condition is normally only appears in the age of 50 years. Apparently, teenagers and young adults are the people who every day listening to earphones for hours.

According to an audio expert from Cape Town Medi-Clinic, Lisa Nathan, the accumulation of loud noises or will grow slowly and almost without symptoms. "It took several years before the disorder appears or the person has a hearing problem," he said.

For example, a 15-year teenager who often listen to MP3 or iPod in a loud volume every day, maybe just have a hearing loss before the age of 30.

"Sooner than hearing damage is determined by lifestyle and exposure to other noise sources, for example, if the person is often to clubs or play a band, then the damage will be worse," he said.

Own ears created by the various parts of the functions work together so that one is able to hear, process, and understand the world around him. However, when the sounds around us are too loud or noisy, the hair cells of cochlea fine at home in the ear (cochlea) is damaged. These hair cells function to catch the sound frequency and forwarded to the central auditory perception in the brain.

"In the beginning of hair cell damage is only temporary. Symptoms such as when one ear is closed. Sometimes these symptoms are also accompanied by tinnitus, ie the conditions under which we like to hear the buzzing in the ears," said Nathan.

Tinnitus is actually a normal thing because it is a sign of damage has occurred in the hair cells. However, the more damage it does, the damage will become permanent because the cells had been damaged could not repair themselves or trigger death. As a result of this damage is deaf.

The sound is measured by decibel (dB), with a value of 0 is the softest sound audible to humans and the 180 is the noise generated by the rocket that will be flown into space.

The average sound level of the conversation about 60 dB, while the sound of rock concerts to reach 115 dB. Experts believe, exposure to noise exceeding 85 dB in the long run is very dangerous. Keep in mind, the highest volume of an MP3 player or iPod is about 100 dB. "The recommended maximum level is less than 85 dB," said Nathan.

To prevent the negative impact of the earphones before, Nathan recommends the use of earphones that eliminate background noise so that we can hear good music without being interrupted by the entry of outside sounds. That way, we do not need to set the volume of loud music.

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Tips sperm grow stronger

A study published recently in the journal Fertility and Sterility found that men who consume antioxidants (which many of the active substance derived from fruit and vegetables) have better sperm quality in some movements, ejaculate volume, sperm concentration as well as those who frequently consumed meat and full-fat dairy products.

Antioxidants have long been described as useful agents in slowing the aging process, boost the immune system, protects the body from exposure to free radicals that can damage body cells that are protected from diseases such as cancer, arthritis, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. And it is said also useful in enhancing sperm

Research done by several universities in Spain was examined 61 men, 30 had a poor sperm kualtiasnya, 31 normal cement. They were given the opportunity to eat 93 different foods and not allowed to take vitamin / supplements during the study.

The man who was known to the normal cement are those who eat foods rich in fiber, carbohydrates, antioxidants, rich in folic acid, vitamin C, and the cement licopen than bad.

If so, in order to increase the quality of sperm, the men need to consume lots of foods that contain antioxidants, then? Yes, said Jaime Mendiola, head of research and teaching at the University of Murcia.

Then, what source the best antioxidants? Carrie Bloxson, nutritional consultant from New York states that you should take nutritional supplements and not a replacement origin. "I also recommend that you megnonsumsi food supplements sintentik original than that bodies do not need to process the chemicals it carries."

Bloxson recommends a set of sperm quality-enhancing substances in foods such as:
* Folic acid: spinach, asparagus, beans and lentils.
* Vitamin C: broccoli, oranges, strawberries.
* Lycopene: tomatoes, watermelon, grapes.

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Tips Keeping Kidneys

Normally, no one wants to fall ill. But if you overdo the disease has come, do not dawdle, do the treatment immediately as optimal as possible. If allowed to drag on, the more severe illness, and greater treatment costs. In the case of kidney stone disease and urinary tract, severe kidney damage will force you to wash the blood throughout life. What should you do to deal with this disease?

The following steps will help you:

1. Pay attention to symptoms.

Not all back pain a sign of kidney stones. This disease has several characteristic symptoms that are related to each other. If these symptoms seem, you should be suspicious.

Common symptoms of kidney stone disease are:

Pain or aching in the back of the upper waist or rather under the last rib.

At some level of pain inflicted stabbing pain, radiating to the side to follow the urinary tract. Sometimes accompanied Anyang-anyangan. Not urinate smoothly. Desire exist but repeatedly issued back only slightly. Frequent urine reddish. This is a sign of urinary tract walls scratched or injured by stone chips. Sometimes it feels pain when urinate. The same time, the water there are pieces of art sand or small stones.

2. Medical Conduct

Treatment of kidney stone disease should be tailored to the severity of the disease. Simply put, there are three methods of treatment that can dilakukan.Meminum lots of water plus a traditional herb that has diuretic effects (launched urinate). This method works only deal with small stone berukuraan

diameter less than 4 mm. Drink lots of water will help dilute and dissolve the rock art to easily carry out the body during urination.

3. Actions destruction stone (liptotripsi)

This method is intended to stone size between 4-30 mm. Having crushed stone, then stone removed through a process of urinating or urinate.

Lithotrypsy can be done with various techniques. It's called ESWL (extra corporeal shock Lithotripsy), which destroys the stone with shock waves which are activated from outside the body. This way most convenient and very minimal pain. Other lithotrypsy technique is crushed stone with ultrasound firing on stone. Lutrasonik wave that enters the body through a hole made in the pelvis or through a small tube through the urinary dimasukkann to reach the location of the stone. The cost to do this lithotrypsy reached dozen million dollars.

4. Conducting Operations

These actions have done if the size of the stone more than 30 mm. Could also apply to the stones that are smaller when the patient's condition does not allow lipotripsi enforced. Operation requires no costs less, can reach 2-3 times the cost lithotrypsy. Sometimes, despite surgery, patients still need other treatment measures.

5. Treatment if relapse

If had been suffering from kidney stones, do not let this disease came over. Once or twice might not why. But for the long term, your kidney is at stake. Not a bit of kidney failure occurs begins with kidney stones treatment that is not perfect.

The following tips can help minimize the recurrence of kidney stones pain:

- Drink plenty of water

- Eat all things necessary, do not overdo it.

Many cases of kidney stones occur because the precipitation of vitamin C, uric acid, calcium, and magnesium excess.

- Expand the motion. Sitting or lying down too long to make the bones release calcium motivated.

This could trigger the formation of stones in the kidney and urinary tract.

Hopefully these tips can help us in maintaining our kidney health.

(From various sources. Pictur from medpics.findlaw.com)

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Avocado Fruit Rich Function and Benefits

Avocado comes from the Aztec language ahuacatl. This fruit is originated from the area where the Aztec tribe originated in the region of Central America and Mexico. This fruit originally introduced by Martín Fernández de Enciso, one of the Spain squad leader, in the year 1519 to the people of Europe. At the same time, the Spanish troops who invaded Central America also introduced the cacao, corn and potatoes to the European community. Since that's an avocado or avocado start spread and known by many people in the world.

Avocado benefits

Almost every part of the avocado tree has a benefit. Avocado tree useful timber as fuel. Seeds and leaves can be used in the apparel industry. Leather tree can be used for coloring chocolate products made from leather.

In the field of beauty, an avocado is also often used as a facial mask. The fruit is considered capable of making the skin tighter. Avocado fruit is also beneficial for hair care such as when doing creambath.

In addition, as fruit, avocados are also of course can be enjoyed as a delicious meal. The various dishes served with avocado added as part of the meal.


Substance rich in Avocado Benefits

Avocado contain nutrients that are very high. Avocado or avocado contains at least 11 vitamins and 14 minerals are beneficial. Avocado is rich in protein, riboflavin (otherwise known as vitamin B2), niacin (otherwise known as vitamin B3), potassium (or better known as potassium), and vitamin C.

Also avocados contain fat that is high enough. But do not be afraid because the fat in avocados is similar to fat in olive oil is very healthy. Fat contained in avocados is monounsaturated fat which has a positive effect in the body. Fat in avocados is also used in making soap and cosmetics.

Here are explanations of several substances in avocado or avocado that will benefit our bodies:

* Vitamin E and vitamin A
Vitamin E is known as a vitamin that is useful for smoothing the skin. The mixture of vitamin E and vitamin A is very useful in skin care. The combination of vitamin E and vitamin A make skin supple, remove wrinkles, making skin look young and fresh.
* Potassium or Potassium
Potassium (also known as potassium) contained in avocados can reduce depression, prevent precipitation in the body fluids and can lower blood pressure.
* Unsaturated fat
In the avocado is high vegetable fat is not saturated. Fats are useful to lower blood cholesterol (LDL), which means it can prevent stroke, high blood pressure, cancer or heart disease. Unsaturated fat in avocados is also easily digested so the body can provide maximum results in the body. Unsaturated fat in avocados also contain anti-bacterial and anti fungal.
* Oleic acid
Oleic acid is a powerful antioxidant that can capture free radicals in the body due to pollution. Free radicals in the body will cause a variety of health complaints.
* Vitamin B6
Vitamin sidrom efficacious to relieve pre-menstrual or pre-menstruation (PMS) that generally affects women every month.
* Iron and Copper
This substance is required in the process of regeneration of the blood thus preventing anemia.
* Mangaan and Zinc Mineral
The element is useful to relieve high blood pressure, heart rate monitor and maintain nerve function remained intact.

Healthy Living with Avocado

In some parts of the world, this fruit is considered as one of the exotic and rare fruits. Avocado may have played an important role in your diet. Having felt the various dishes that contain avocado or avocado, you may be able to say that the fruit is really a lot of benefits and also the delicious fruit!

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The Brain Damaging Habits

1. No Breakfast
Those who do not consume breakfast have blood sugar levels low, the effect of which supply nutrients to the brain becomes less.

2. Eating Too Much
Too much to eat, let alone a high fat content, can result in hardening of the brain blood vessels due to accumulation of fat in the blood vessel wall. As a result of work ability of the brain will decrease.

3. Smoking
Substances found in cigarettes are inhaled will cause rapid shrinkage of the brain, and can cause Alzheimer's disease.

4. Consuming too much sugar
Consumption of sugar which will cause too much disruption of the absorption of protein and nutrients, causing nutritional imbalances that would interfere with brain development

5. Air Pollution
The brain is the largest oxygen consumer in the human body. Inhaling polluted air reducing oxygen supply to the brain that can decrease the efficiency of the brain.

6. Sleep Deprivation
The brain needs sleep as a time to rest and restore capabilities. Lack of sleep in the long term will accelerate damage brain cells.

7. Covering the head during sleep
The habit of sleeping with closed head increase the concentration of carbon dioxide and decrease concentration of oxygen that can cause brain damage effects.

8. Using mind when ill
Working too hard or forced to use our minds as being ill can lead to reduced effectiveness of the brain and can damage the brain.

9. Less stimulate the mind
Thinking is the best way to train our brain. Lack of stimulation in the brain can cause brain mengkerutnya.

10. Rarely communicates
Communication is needed as one means of encouraging working ability of the brain. Communicate intellectually can trigger brain efficiency. Rare ability to communicate will cause the brain to be less intellectually trained.

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Fix Lifestyle For Heart Health

Human behavior was a very important role in preventing disease. These include heart disease, which in Indonesia is still ranked as a disease champion the cause of death.
Heart disease is triggered by two factors, ie factors that can not be avoided and the factors that can be avoided. Factors that can not be avoided such as older age and heredity, while the factors that could have been avoided is related to one's lifestyle, such as lack of exercise. In Indonesia, people who exercise continuously at only 9 percent of the total, whereas the data from the WHO indicate that 43 percent of diseases in the world because one of them because of lack of motion.

Often Forgotten

Actually it was umun knowledge and indisputable that exercise can maintain heart health. However, the limited time and facilities to be cliche alsan why people are reluctant to perform such activities.

"Limitations of the facility is to be tantanganbagi us to keep promoting the sport. For example at school no sports lapamgan, sidewalks on the street is not safe to be used for jogging, so inevitably we're looking for a way to keep people can exercise, such as jumping rope that does not take much time or space is too wide, "Masino said.

In general, a person who is less active, had a risk two to three times more likely to suffer a heart attack than someone who is active and exercise regularly. Regular exercise can strengthen the heart muscle and improve blood circulation system in sampng can reduce obesity.

Very dianjurakan to perform 30-minute brisk walk every day and most do not exercise in any form three times a week with the intensity of half to one hour. This is very helpful health condition rather than just spending time in front of the television. It could also, when going back to study, do not treat yourself to ride the elevator. Pilihalan way more fishing perspiration, such as stairs menggnakan.

Stress protracted making heart rate and blood pressure increase. This certainly makes the heart work harder and ultimately will increase the risk of heart disease. Behavior which is too rushed, quick-tempered and overly ambitious by some circles can trigger the disease.

Within certain limits of stress is a normal phenomenon, even if it can be managed well this could be a positive thing in the development of the human self. Although each person does have different ways of menhadapi stress, but at its core should never allow a protracted stress in that can interfere with the physical conditions, as far as possible to avoid or deal wisely.

Do not save the anger or disappointment undemonstrative. Talk about and discuss the pressing feeling that the people who trusted, family or doctor. Troubling or remembering past mistakes will only make yourself get stressed, take some time for it to recreation with family or friends close to you.

Similarly with smoking, although conscious is a bad habit, it is still mostly smokers do not want to eliminate this habit. And for a heavy smoker, the risk facing sudden death five times greater than those who did not smoke at all. A small number of nicotine in cigarettes is a toxic to the body. Nicotine is absorbed in each suction cigarettes are not lethal, but still dangerous because it can lead to heart hardening of the arteries and heart rhythm and disrupt.

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Overcoming Illness and cavities Tooth

A hollow tooth is not due to worms such as the opinion of those in the ancient times. This theory lasted until the 1700s until Willoughby Miller an American dentist who worked at the University of Berlin found the cause of tooth decay. He found that cavities caused by the meeting between the bacteria and sugar. Bacteria will convert sugar from food into acids remaining that caused the teeth to acid environment (natural environment should be the base of teeth) and the acid is what ultimately makes a small hole in the tooth enamel.

When a hole occurs in the tooth enamel, we have dental pain. However, a small hole next to the email can be a gap of food and bacteria will make a bigger hole to hole in dentin. At this time we will feel the pains in the teeth when eating. If allowed, the hole until the hole will be nervous that we will begin to feel a toothache. This process will not stop until the end teeth are gone and only the remaining tooth root.

Toothache can not be considered an eye like some people thought, because if ignored, can make the teeth becomes swollen and inflamed. Also cavities can be a means of entrance channel into the germ line of blood that can cause kidney disease, lung, heart and other diseases.

In order not getting worse, so if you have a cavity you should visit your dentist immediately to treat it. Although many people do not like going to the dentist with a reason not care about the state of teeth, expensive worried, afraid or ashamed ridiculed for broken teeth, but going to the dentist is the best solution to overcome a toothache. Cavity can not heal by itself. Although, perhaps after suffering from a toothache, the pain may be gone but not improve the situation of teeth. Teeth will remain hollow, even the hole will keep getting bigger.

Disconnect the patch Dental and Dental

Steps to be taken generally dentist is mending a broken tooth, if not too large hole. However, if we feel the pain of teeth, the fillings can not be done immediately, because then the gas in the tooth can not get out. The doctor will give you painkillers or will turn off the nerves of teeth that we are not tormented with the pain. On the next visit before the teeth will be cleaned and patched temporary, permanent fillings done on the next visit.

If the hole is too big and does not allow for the patched, means that the teeth should be removed. Just as the process of dental fillings, the tooth can not be revoked immediately when the teeth still hurt. This is because when we feel the pain of teeth, the anesthetic drugs (drug resistant so as not to hurt when the teeth removed) can not penetrate the roots of teeth, so that when removed will cause great pain. New tooth extraction process can be done when the teeth have not felt sick and to relieve pain doctors will turn off the tooth nerve.


Prevent cavities

To prevent the occurrence of holes in the teeth, you can perform the following steps:

* Checking your teeth regularly
Visit your dentist every 6 months even if you do not feel the toothache. This is needed so that doctors can detect a small hole that happens to teeth and can be handled immediately so that the hole is not bigger. Can also detect the uneven teeth or grooved teeth which can cause difficult to clean.

* Brushing your teeth regularly and at the right time
The morning after breakfast and at night before bed is a good time to brush my teeth. Saliva is not much out of our time sleeping, so the teeth will be damaged if you let the rest of the food on the teeth without the brush. Saliva is useful to memlinfungi teeth from cavity-causing bacteria.

* Brushing teeth the right way
While brushing teeth has been carried out regularly, but if done in a way that is not true, of course the result will not be maximized. The right way is to brush downward to the front teeth (incisors) the top, brushing towards the top to the bottom front teeth and brush horizontally for molars. Brushing teeth should be longer, because this tooth has the potential to stick leftovers.

* Mouthwash after meals
Brushing teeth is not possible after we eat, the best way is to rinse out his mouth so that leftovers do not keep sticking and reduce the acid in the dental situation.

* Use dental floss to remove food scraps
Time food is left, should not be removed by using a toothpick. Use a toothpick can cause a gap between the larger teeth can cause injuries in addition to the gums.

* Choose a toothpaste that contains fluoride
Using toothpaste that contains fluoride. This substance is one of the enamel-forming material. The existence of these substances can prevent tooth decay.

* Eat fibrous foods
Consuming vegetables or fruits can prove stronger teeth and prevent cavities.

* Reduce foods containing sugar and flour
This type of food if left on the teeth and the bacteria will cause acids that create cavities.

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